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Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system， ranking third in incidence and second in the cause of death worldwide. In recent years， the incidence of colorectal cancer is on the rise， and the age of patients with colorectal cancer tends to be younger， with a heavy cancer burden. It is of great significance to prevent the occurrence， development， recurrence， and metastasis of colorectal cancer to reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer. Patriniae Herba has the effects of clearing heat， removing toxins， eliminating carbuncle， and discharging pus and shows good therapeutic efficacy on inflammatory bowel disease， digestive tract tumors， pelvic inflammation， gynecological tumor， and so on. Patriniae Herba is often used in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer， but its mechanism of action is not clear. Modern studies have found that Patriniae Herba contains triterpenoids， saponins， iridoids， flavonoids， and other chemical components， with antioxidant， anti-tumor， anti-bacterial， and other pharmacological effects. The main anti-tumor components of Patriniae Herba are flavonoids. The analysis of network pharmacology and the spectrum-effect relationship has suggested that quercetin， luteolin， apigenin， isoorientin， and isovitexin play a major role in inhibiting the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that flavonoids in Patriniae Herba can play an anti-tumor role in various ways， such as preventing precancerous lesions of colorectal cancer， inhibiting the growth and proliferation of cancer cells， blocking cancer cell cycle， promoting cancer cell apoptosis， and reversing drug resistance of colorectal cancer. The oral availability of flavonoids is low. The gut is the main metabolic site of flavonoids in the body， its metabolic pathway is closely related to gut microbiota. This paper reviewed the anti-tumor mechanism of flavonoids and their influence on gut microbiota to provide a reference for further research on the mechanism of Patriniae Herba against colorectal cancer and its clinical application.
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Objective To assess the health risks of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating measures to prevent fluoride and improve water quality. Methods The drinking water of rural schools in Guanzhong and northern Shaanxi Province was monitored from 2017 to 2020. The fluoride concentration was evaluated in accordance with the “Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water” (GB5749-2006). The health risk assessment method recommended by USEPA was used to assess the health risk of rural students exposed to fluoride through drinking water in the two regions. Results A total of 2 826 water samples were monitored from 2017 to 2020. The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 92.29%, with an average concentration of 0.500 mg/L. The non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in drinking water in rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas was 0.05). In the same age group, the non-carcinogenic health risk of fluoride in groundwater was higher than that in surface water (P sedimentation filtration > conventional treatment > untreated (P < 0.05). Conclusion The non-carcinogenic risk of oral intake of fluoride in drinking water from rural schools in drinking-water fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province is still at an acceptable level. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote comprehensive prevention and treatment measures focusing on water improvement and fluoride reduction.
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【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of negative pressure suction and topical testosterone cream in the treatment of simple micropenis in school-aged obese children and the effects on blood lipids and serum sex hormones. 【Methods】 A total of 79 children aged 7 to 14 (10.50±1.62) years treated and followed up during Nov.2020 and Jul.2022 were involved. The patients were randomly enrolled in the negative pressure suction group (n=39) and the topical testosterone cream group (n=40). The negative pressure suction group was treated with negative pressure suction for 30 min/time, 1 time/day, for 30 d. The topical testosterone cream group was treated with topical testosterone cream applied to the scrotum of the penis 2 times/day for 30d. The transverse and longitudinal diameter of the glans, penile flaccidity, retraction length, serum sex hormones and blood lipids were measured before and after treatment. 【Results】 In both groups, penile flaccidity, retracted length and transverse and longitudinal diameter of the glans were significantly greater at 30 days of treatment and 2 months of follow-up than those before treatment (P0.025). In the topical testosterone cream group, at 30 days of treatment, there were significant differences in serum total cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), sex hormone binding protein (SBG), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TES) compared to those before treatment; at 2 months of follow-up, the differences in Apo A1, HDL, TES and DHS were still significant (P<0.025). 【Conclusion】 Both topical testosterone cream and negative pressure suction have significant efficacy in the treatment of micropenis in school-aged obese children, while topical testosterone cream has some side effects and retraction may occur after treatment. Negative pressure suction is safe and easy to operate, without side effects and retraction, and can be promoted for the treatment of micropenis in obese children.
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【Objective】 To analyze the related factors of emotional and behavioral abnormalities in children with overactive bladder (OAB). 【Methods】 OAB children (aged 6 to 16 years) in a survey of 5 032 children from a county in Henan Province during Sep.2022 and Dec.2022 were identified and surveyed with Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). According to the SDQ score, they were divided into abnormal group (SDQ≥20) and normal group. 【Results】 There were 35.7%(137/385) cases in the abnormal group and 64.3% (248/385) in the normal group. Gender, education level of caregivers, body mass index (BMI), age, constipation, enuresis and severity of OAB were significantly associated with emotional and behavioral abnormalities (P<0.05). Children in the abnormal group showed significant differences in emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity symptoms, peer interaction and sleep (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed significant differences in gender, educational level of caregi-vers, BMI, age, constipation, enuresis, severity of OAB and PSQI between the two groups (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The prevalence of emotional and behavioral abnormalities is high in children with OAB, which is related to female gender, high BMI, puberty, constipation, enuresis and severity of OAB.
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Objective:To compare gene expression profiles in normal human cervical epithelial cells (HcerEpic) before and after Chlamydia trachomatis ( Ct) infection. Methods:HcerEpic cells that were pretreated with DEAE-D were infected with Ct serotype E standard strain and then cultured for 44 h. Uninfected HcerEpic cells were used as the control group. Total RNA was extracted from the cells in each group and reverse transcribed to construct a cDNA library. Differences in gene expression profiles between the two groups were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and the representative genes were selected for verification by qPCR. Results:A total of 23 997 genes were detected, including 125 differentially expressed genes. Among the 125 genes, 119 were up-regulated and six were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in several biological processes including defense response to virus, typeⅠinterferon signaling pathway and cellular responses to typeⅠinterferons. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the pathways related to virus infections, such as influenza A virus, herpes simplex virus, EB virus and HPV, and NOD-like receptor pathway.Conclusions:There were significant differences in transcriptome profiles of HcerEpic cells before and after Ct infection. The differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the interferon pathway, which was closely related to the antiviral processes in cells. qPCR verified the differentially expressed genes and the genes closely related to the interferon pathway, such as ISG15, IFIT2, OASL and UBE2L6.
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Objective:To study the combined use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer.Methods:The clinical data of patients with pancreatic cancer who were planned to undergo perioperative treatment before surgical treatment at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively studied. Of 22 patients with pancreatic cancer, there were 10 males and 12 females, aged (56.0±10.2) years old. Preoperative treatment with chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel and S-1, AS) and immunotherapy regimen before surgery were given. The baseline characteristics, treatment efficacy, surgical pathology and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Of 22 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with programmed death-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, 11 patients (50%) had tumors in the head, neck and uncinated process of pancreas. On radiographic assessment, one patient achieved CR (4.5%, 1/22), 9 patients PR (40.9%, 9/22), and 11 patients SD (50.0%, 11/22). All patients subsequently underwent R 0 resection. The postoperative pTNM staging showed 91% (20/22) of patients were in stage IA-IIB, 31.8% (7/22) of patients had pT2, 63.6% (14/22) had N0, and 1 patient had pCR. Thirteen patients (54.2%, 13/22) received postoperative adjuvant therapy. The median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 6.4 months and the median time to progression (TTP) was 12.8 months. The median overall survival of patients was not reached. Postoperative pathology TNM staging IIA to III ( HR=3.63, 95% CI: 1.18-11.20, P=0.025) and postoperative pathology T2-3 stage ( HR=2.02, 95% CI: 1.01-5.05, P=0.049) were significantly associated with RFS. Postoperative pathology TNM stages IIA to III ( HR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.04-5.50, P=0.041) and postoperative pathology T2-3 stage ( HR=2.53, 95% CI: 1.26-5.09, P=0.009) were significantly associated with TTP. Conclusion:AS combined with PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed good efficacy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer.
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Objective To investigate the status and problems of hospitalization management and radiation protection in 131I treatment for thyroid cancer, and to provide suggestions for medical institutions to implement relevant standards. Methods We investigated the status of radiation protection and management in 10 medical institutions conducting 131I treatment for thyroid cancer (6 in Shanghai, 2 in Zhejiang Province, and 2 in Jiangsu Province, China) by consulting written materials, expert interviews, and on-site inspection and testing. Results The average activity of 131I therapy for thyroid cancer in the 10 medical institutions was 110~120 mCi (4.07~4.44 GBq). All patients who received the treatment were hospitalized, with a stay of 3~7 days. Seven institutions carried out 131I dispensing, 6 of which used automatic 131I dispensing instruments. Nine institutions had an independent ventilation system in the wards, 8 of which regularly changed the filters. All the 10 institutions set special toilets and shower rooms in the wards, and had shielding facilities between sickbeds, with the lead equivalent from 0.5 mm Pb (lowest) to 10 mm Pb (highest). All the 10 institutions had intercom and monitoring facilities in the wards, 9 of which had a one-way access control system, and 4 of which had dose monitoring equipment. Nine institutions carried out surface pollution monitoring in the workplace, but none performed air pollution testing. All the 10 institutions required the radioactivity in the body of patients be less than 400 MBq before discharge, and five of them estimated the activity by measuring the dose rate at a certain distance from the body surface of patients. All the 10 institutions had radioactive sewage decay ponds, but none of them conducted regular monitoring. Rapid on-site surface pollution testing in the wards showed that highest value was 31.9 Bq/cm2. Conclusion The 10 medical institutions carried out 131I treatment for thyroid cancer basically according to the requirements of national laws, regulations, and standards, but there are still some problems in ward construction, radiation protection facilities, and patient hospitalization management, which should be further standardized.
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Objective:To evaluate the health risk of fluoride in rural drinking water in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis(referred to as drinking-water-borne fluorosis) areas of Shaanxi Province, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of water improvement and fluoride reduction measures.Methods:The fluoride monitoring results of rural drinking water in Guanzhong Plain and Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas of Shaanxi Province in 2020 were collected from the "National Drinking Water Quality and Sanitation Monitoring Information System". Using the health risk assessment method recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the level of fluoride exposure of adults in fluorosis areas through drinking water was evaluated, and the health risk value was calculated.Results:A total of 4 342 rural drinking water samples from drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas were monitored. The overall compliance rate of fluoride in water quality was 95.39% (4 142/4 342), and the fluoride content median was 0.470 mg/L; the health risk value was 0.368, and the non-carcinogenic risk was low. A total of 200 water samples with fluoride exceeding the standard were detected, and the fluoride content median was 1.450 mg/L; the health risk value of the fluoride excess water samples was 1.135, indicating a high non-carcinogenic risk. There were significant differences in fluoride content in rural drinking water between different regions, water sources and treatment methods ( H = - 7.73, - 7.60, 34.40, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride exposure of adults in drinking-water-borne fluorosis areas through drinking water in Shaanxi Province is relatively low, and the non-carcinogenic risk caused by water samples with excessive fluoride is relatively high. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote the comprehensive prevention and control measures focusing on improving water and reducing fluoride.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) in Chinese boys and risk factors, and to evaluate the psychological and behavioral status of OAB patients.Methods:Cross-sectional study.From October 2020 to July 2021, 2 800 boys aged 6-15 years from 6 primary and secondary schools in a county of Henan Province were selected by stratified random cluster sampling method.An anonymous questionnaire was used to investigate the epidemiological situation of OAB, including the basic information, lower urinary tract symptoms, Overactive Bladder Score Scale (OABSS) scores, pediatric sleep questionnaire (PSQ) and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). In addition, the correlation between OAB and residence, body mass index (BMI), nocturnal enuresis (NE), overuse of diapers, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, phimosis, redundant prepuce, and concealed penis by Chi- square test, Logistic multivariate regression analysis, and t-test. Results:A total of 2 333 valid questionnaires were collected.The overall prevalence of OAB in boys was 6.0%(141/2 333 cases). NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, concealed penis were risk factors for OAB in boys ( OR>1, P<0.05), while BMI was not a risk factor for OAB in boys ( OR<1, P>0.05). The emotional symptoms[ (7.64±2.03) scores vs.(6.51±2.53) scores], conduct problems [(8.14±1.62) scores vs.(7.31±1.88) scores], hyperactivity[(5.64±2.27) scores vs.(4.98±2.03) scores], peer communication problems [(7.16±1.63) scores vs.(6.59±1.60) scores], difficulty scores[(30.26±6.48) scores vs.(27.69±6.44) scores] and PSQ scores [(5.36±3.00) scores vs.(3.94±2.53) scores] in OAB group were significantly higher than those of non-OAB group ( t=-5.117, -5.005, -3.310, -4.056, -4.553, -5.006, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions:OAB in boys is common and affects mental health and sleep quality.Meanwhile, NE, history of urinary tract infection, abnormal stool, overuse of diapers, phimosis, redundant prepuce, or concealed penis are the risk factors for OAB in boys.
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Anorectal malformation (ARM) accounts for the first place of digestive tract malformations in children, with the incidence of 1/5 000-1/1 500 in newborns.ARM is typically manifested as anal stenosis or anal atresia with or without fistulas and persistent cloaca.Genitourinary malformation is the most common malformation associated with ARM, with the incidence ranging 26%-55%.There were 35%-50% of ARM children develop spinal cord peripheral abnormalities or neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, which usually causes voiding dysfunction associated with ARM.Urodynamic study is the best method to analyze the changes of lower urinary tract function, which can provide an objective classification for bladder and urethral function and guide the formulation of precision treatment plan and therapeutic efficacy during the follow-up period.This study aims to review the cause of voiding dysfunction asso-ciated with ARM and its urodynamic changes.
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ObjectiveTo explore the inhibitory effect of Bushen Jiedu prescription （BSJDP） on the metastasis of colorectal cancer （CRC） via activation of M2 tumor-associated macrophages （M2-TAMs） in vivo. MethodThe model of xenograft tumor was established with C57BL/6 mice， and then the model mice were randomly assigned into blank control group， Bushen Jiedu recipe-low dose （11.2 g·kg-1） group （BSJDP-L）， and Bushen Jiedu Recipe-high dose （22.4 g·kg-1） group （BSJDP-H）. Tumors were abolished when the volume reached 1.5-2.0 cm3. The mice were sacrificed 28 days post tumor abolishing and then the lung metastasis was observed. Histopathological changes in lung metastasis were examined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining of metastasis tissues， and immunofluorescence （IF） staining was employed to observe the effect of BSJDP on tumor apoptosis and hypoxia. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the macrophages M1/M2 ratio of tumor tissue. The expression levels of the genes （Arg1， CD206， and CD163） associated with the polarization of M2-TAMs were determined by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultThe metastasis rate was 70%， 40%， and 10% in the blank control group， BSJDP-L group， and BSJDP-H group， respectively. The lower metastasis rates of BSJDP-L and BSJDP-H groups proved that BSJDP significantly inhibited lung metastasis of CRC. Compared with the blank control group， BSJDP-L and BSJDP-H reduced the tumor cell infiltration in tumor tissue （P<0.01）， increased the apoptosis of tumor cells， alleviated the hypoxic environment， and down-regulated the expression of Arg1， CD206， and CD163 in the tumor tissue （P<0.01）. In addition， the ratio of M2 macrophages ranked in a descending order of blank control group （34.867%） > BSJDP-L group （22.033%） > BSJDP-H group （11.633%） （P<0.01）. ConclusionBSJDP inhibits the lung metastasis of CRC by inhibiting the activation of M2-TAMs in the tumor microenvironment.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of miRNAs in amniotic fluid exosomes in growth and development of fetuses with Down syndrome (DS).@*METHODS@#Amniotic fluid were collected from 20 fetuses with DS and 20 normal fetuses (control) to extract amniotic exosome miRNA. MicroRNA sequencing technique was used to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups, for which gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis was performed. Three differentially expressed miRNAs with the strongest correlation with DS phenotype were selected for qPCR verification. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the activity of let-7d-5p for targeted regulation of BACH1.@*RESULTS@#We identified 15 differentially expressed miRNAs in DS as compared with the control group, among which 7 miRNAs were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. Target gene prediction results showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs targeted 17 DS-related genes. GO analysis revealed that the main functions of the target genes involved protein binding, protein transport, ATP binding, transferase activity and synapses. Pathway analysis revealed that the functional pathways were closely related with the development of the nervous system. qPCR results showed that the expression levels of miR-140-3p and let-7d-5p were significantly lower in DS group than in the control group (P < 0.05), as was consistent with miRNA sequencing results; the expression level of miR-4512 was significantly higher in DS group than in control group (P < 0.05), which was contrary to miRNA sequencing results. The results of double luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that let-7d-5p was capable of targeted regulation of BACH1 expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Let-7d-5p in amniotic fluid exosomes may promote oxidative stress events in the brain of fetuses with DS by regulating BACH1 expression.
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Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Amniotic Fluid/metabolism , Down Syndrome/genetics , Exosomes , MicroRNAs/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of head and neck carcinosarcoma. Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with head and neck carcinosarcoma treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2010 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, including 11 males and 3 females, with age range from 30 to 72 years old. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatments and follow-up results of patients were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative survival rate. Results: Histopathological examination showed the co-existence of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal components in all cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 13 cases showed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigens were positively expressed in the epithelial areas, whereas vimentin was positive in the malignant mesenchymal tissue area. Among 14 cases, 5 cases were treated with surgery, 3 cases with surgery and radiotherapy, and 6 cases with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The follow-up time was 2-81 months, with a median follow-up time of 22.5 months. Except for one patient who was lost to follow-up in 21 months after treatment, among the remaining 13 patients, 4 patients had recurrence, 8 patients died, and 5 patients had a tumor-free survival. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the 1, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of 14 patients with head and neck carcinosarcoma were 64.3%, 57.1%, and 42.9%, respectively. Conclusions: Carcinosarcoma of the head and neck is rare in clinic, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are important basis for diagnosis, and surgery is a preferred treatment. Carcinosarcoma of the head and neck has a poor prognosis, and patients should be followed up for a long time.
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Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinosarcoma/therapy , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Inhibition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 mediated cell signaling pathway is an important therapeutic strategy for HER2-positive cancers. Although monoclonal antibodies are currently used as marketed drugs, their large molecular weight, high cost of production and susceptibility to proteolysis could be a hurdle for long-term application. In this study, we reported a strategy for the development of artificial antibody based on
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The current study aims to rapidly and comprehensively profile the chemical composition of Cistanche salsa using direct infusion coupled with MS/MS~(ALL)(DI-MS/MS~(ALL)). The C. salsa extract was directly imported into electrospray ionization(ESI) source of quadrupole time-of-flight(Q-TOF) mass spectrometer with an infusion pump at a flow rate of 10 μL·min~(-1). Acquisition program was applied under negative ionization polarity to collect one MS~1 spectrum(m/z 50-1 200), followed by 1 150 MS~2 spectra with precursor isolation window(m/z 1) amongst mass range m/z 50-1 200. After each MS~2 spectrum was matched to its precursor ion, putative identification was conducted through matching mass spectral data with literature and database. A total of 31 components were identified from C. salsa, including 9 phenylethanoid glycosides, 2 iridoids, 4 saccharides, 9 organic acids, and 7 other compounds, similar to those from C. tubulosa and C. deserticola. In conclusion, DI-MS/MS~(ALL), a facile and reliable analytical tool, can be employed for qualitative analysis of chemical constituents in C. salsa. The research offers a promising strategy to achieve rapid chemome profiling of herbal medicine and provides an alternative source of Cistanches Herba.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cistanche , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Glycosides , Plants, Medicinal , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the pollution characteristics of 12 kinds of metals and metalloid elements in PM2.5 in Xi'an city, and to assess the health risks. Methods In 2018, PM2.5 samples were collected regularly every month at two monitoring points in Lianhu District and Yanta District of Xi'an City. The content of twelve metal and metalloid elements (Sb, Al, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Mn, Ni, Se, and Ti) in the samples were determined. The test results were statistically analyzed and evaluated according to different regions and seasons. The health risk assessment model recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to assess the health risks of the metal and metalloid elements. Results A total of 165 PM2.5 samples were collected and analyzed. The qualified rates of As and Cd were 51.52% and 83.03%, respectively, and there was no significant difference between regions (P＞0.05). The qualified rate of As in each season from high to low was summer> autumn> winter> spring. The average concentration of As was 8.21 ng/m3, being 1.37 times higher than the standard. The average concentration of As in each season exceeded the standard, and the order from high to low was winter> spring> autumn> summer. The average concentrations of other elements did not exceed the standard. HQ value and HI value of As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Ni, Hg, Ti and Se were all less than 1. The ILCR value of carcinogenic elements As, Cd, Cr and Ni was between 3.63×10-07 ~2.58×10-05. The ILCR value was highest for As, followed by Cr. The ILCR value was highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and lowest in summer. The order of ILCR value was adult males> adult females> children and adolescents. Conclusion The pollution of metal and metalloid elements in the atmospheric PM2.5 in Xi'an in the winter is most serious. Arsenic and chromium in PM2.5 pose a higher potential health risk to the population through the respiratory route.
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OBJECTIVE：To develop a metho d for determining the plasma concentration of sulfasalazine （SSZ）metabolite sulfapyridine（SP）in rats ，and to investigate the effects of esomeprazole （ESOM）on the pharmacokinetic behavior of SSZ in rats. METHODS：Male SD rats were randomly divided into SSZ group and SSZ+ESOM group ，with 6 rats in each group. SSZ+ESOM group were given Esomeprazole enteric-coated tablets [ 90 mg/（kg·d）] intragastrically for 14 days. On the 15th day ，the rats in 2 groups were given Sulfasalazine enteric coated tablets （90 mg/kg）intragastrically，and blood sample was collected from the inner canthus at 0.5，1，1.5，2，3，4，6，8，10，12，24，36，48，72 h after administration. After protein precipitation with methanol ， using diazepam as internal standard ，Agilent XDR-C 18 column was adopted with methanol- 0.1％ formic acid solution （gradient elution）as mobile phase. The concentration of SSZ metabolite SP in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using DAS 3.0.1 software and compared between 2 groups. RESULTS ：The linear range of SP were 2-1 000 ng/mL. The methodology met the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopeia . There was no statistical significance in pharmacokinetic parameters of SP between 2 groups，such as AUC 0－t，tmax，t1/2z，cmax，MRT0－t（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The established method is simple ，rapid and sensitive ；it can be used for the concentration determination of SSZ metabolite SP in plasma. ESOM has no significant effect on the pharmacokinetic behavior of SSZ in rats.
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OBJECTIVE@#The present study investigated how mild moxibustion treatment affects the intestinal microbiome and expression of NLRP3-related immune factors in a rat model of intestinal mucositis (IM) induced with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu).@*METHODS@#Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, chemotherapy, moxibustion and probiotics groups. The IM rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu. Mild moxibustion treatment and intragastric probiotic administration were provided once daily for 15 days. Tissue morphology, serum levels of inflammatory factors and the expression levels of tight junction proteins, caspase-1, gasdermin D and NLRP3 were evaluated in colon tissue, through hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Gut microbiome profiling was conducted through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Moxibustion and probiotic treatments significantly increased the expression levels of tight junction proteins, reduced cell apoptosis and the expression levels of caspase-1, gasdermin D and NLRP3; they also decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-18, while increasing serum levels of IL-10. Moxibustion and probiotic treatments also corrected the reduction in α-diversity and β-diversity in IM rats, greatly increased the proportion of the dominant bacterial genus Lactobacillus and reduced the abundance of the genera Roseburia and Escherichia in chemotherapy-treated rats to levels observed in healthy animals. We also found that these dominant genera were firmly correlated with the regulation of pyroptosis-associated proteins and inflammatory factors. Finally, moxibustion and probiotic treatments elicited similar effects in regulating intestinal host-microbial homeostasis and the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-related factors.@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion exerts its therapeutic effect on IM by ameliorating mucosal damage and reducing inflammation. Moreover, moxibustion modulates the gut microbiota, likely via decreasing the expression levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Objective To analyze the change in trends and existing problems of the water quality testing capabilities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in different cities and counties (districts) in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2019, and to provide references for laboratory capacity building. Methods A unified questionnaire was developed to investigate the water quality testing ability of all CDCs in different regions of Shaanxi Province, and the data were reported through the “National Drinking Water Quality Inspection Information System”. Results From 2017 to 2019, in the testing of conventional indicators, the average number detected by the municipal CDCs was 37, 37, and 38, respectively, and all of them passed the measurement certification/laboratory accreditation. The average number detected by the county (district) CDCs was 30, 29, and 30, respectively, and only 65.14% of the county (district) CDCs passed the measurement certification/laboratory accreditation. In the testing of unconventional indicators, the average detectable number by city-level CDCs was 3, 5, and 4, respectively, while the average detectable number by county (district)-level CDCs was at most 1 item. There was no statistically significant difference in the average detection ability of CDCs at the city and county (district) levels in different regions in the same year (P>0.05); there was no significant difference in the average detection ability of CDCs at the city and county (district) levels in the same region in different years (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no difference in the CDC water quality testing level in different regions of Shaanxi Province, and the testing capacity needs to be further improved. It is recommended that the government should increase funding for disease control institutions, optimize the allocation of equipment and strengthen the construction of professional teams.
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Several Orobanche medicinal plants sometimes served as alternative sources of Cistanches Herba, attributing to the benefits such as tonifying kidney, strengthening tendons and bones. Among them, O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya have been widely utilized in northern China for treatments of pains in the loins and knees, impotence, and spermatorrhea. However, their chemical profiles haven't been elucidated. In the present study, UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS was implemented to conduct in-depth chemome profiling of O. coerulescens, O. cernua and O. pycnostachya, aiming to achieve a comprehensive chemical characterization and to provide pronounced information for the quality control and clinical applications. An ACE Ultra-Core 2.5 Super C_(18)(3.0 mm×150 mm, 2.5 μm) column was deployed for chromatographic separations, and high-resolution MS~n spectra were recorded by IT-TOF-MS. Forty-eight components, in total, were observed, and thirty-eight ones were structurally annotated according to proposing mass fragmentation patterns, matching with relevant databases. Particularly, nine ones were confirmed by reference compounds. Overall, the chemical compositions of O. coerulescens and O. cernua are quite similar, and differences occur between O. pycnostachya and the prior two ones; primary chemical family is phenylethanoid glycosides, and several lignan glycosides as well as iridoid glycosides are also observed; the primary components include acteoside, isoacteoside, crenatoside and 2'-acetylacteoside, etc.